The 78 paints

These are the 78 Golden Heavy Body acrylics whose spectra Golden published, in order of hue. The pigments and opacity ratings come from Golden’s pigment chart; a star marks one of the seven pigments no longer in the chart, taken from Golden’s earlier listings. The 26 paints marked calibrated have tint ladders measured by Okumura, and they are the only ones the model mixes (Section 2.6). The others appear only as their measured colors.

Lightness, chroma and hue are computed from each measured masstone under daylight (D65, 2° observer). The swatches are an approximation on any screen, and the most vivid paints lie outside what a monitor can show (Section 1.8).

Swatch Paint Pigment Kind Opacity Lightness Chroma Hue Model
Permanent Maroon PR122, PY150, PR101, PG7 mixture transparent 27 6 2°
Quinacridone Magenta PR122 organic transparent 31 32 9° calibrated
Quinacridone Crimson PR206 * organic transparent 26 14 13° calibrated
Alizarin Crimson Hue PR122, PY150, PG7 mixture transparent 28 12 15°
Quinacridone Violet PV19 organic transparent 30 29 16°
Quinacridone Red PV19 organic transparent 37 47 21°
Mars Black PBk11 inorganic opaque 26 0 21°
Cadmium Red Dark PR108 inorganic opaque 39 52 24°
Pyrrole Red Dark PR264 organic semi-opaque 38 55 25°
Quinacridone Red Light PR207 * organic transparent 43 53 25°
Quinacridone Burnt Orange PO48 * organic transparent 29 17 26°
Violet Oxide PR101 inorganic opaque 33 23 26°
Naphthol Red Medium PR5 organic semi-opaque 38 50 27° calibrated
Cadmium Red Medium PR108 inorganic opaque 43 62 28°
Pyrrole Red PR254 organic semi-opaque 43 68 29° calibrated
Dioxazine Purple PV23 organic transparent 25 2 30° calibrated
Transparent Red Iron Oxide PR101 inorganic transparent 33 18 31°
Pyrrole Red Light PR255 organic semi-opaque 48 72 33°
Naphthol Red Light PR112 organic semi-transparent 48 69 33°
Cadmium Red Light PR108 inorganic opaque 53 77 36°
Red Oxide PR101 inorganic opaque 39 39 36° calibrated
Transparent Pyrrole Orange PO71 * organic transparent 50 72 37°
Burnt Sienna PBr7 inorganic opaque 34 22 38° calibrated
Quinacridone Nickel Azo PY150, PO48 mixture transparent 37 29 41°
Pyrrole Orange PO73 organic semi-opaque 57 84 42°
Transparent Brown Iron Oxide PR101, PBk7 mixture transparent 29 5 43°
Burnt Umber Light PBr7 inorganic semi-opaque 29 10 45°
Carbon Black PBk7 inorganic opaque 26 0 48° calibrated
Mars Yellow PBr6 inorganic opaque 48 39 48°
Burnt Umber PBr7 inorganic opaque 28 5 49° calibrated
Cadmium Orange PO20 inorganic opaque 65 85 51°
Indian Yellow Hue PY175, PY150, PR206 mixture transparent 55 58 58°
Transparent Yellow Iron Oxide PY42 inorganic transparent 49 32 62°
Van Dyke Brown Hue PR101, PBk7 mixture semi-opaque 25 1 65°
Raw Sienna PY43 inorganic semi-opaque 52 35 67° calibrated
Yellow Ochre PY43 inorganic semi-opaque 58 43 70° calibrated
Nickel Azo Yellow PY150 organic transparent 52 45 71°
Diarylide Yellow PY83 organic semi-opaque 78 90 72° calibrated
Raw Umber PBr7 inorganic opaque 29 5 72° calibrated
Yellow Oxide PY42 inorganic semi-opaque 64 49 77°
Cadmium Yellow Dark PY35 inorganic opaque 81 93 78°
Hansa Yellow Medium PY73 * organic semi-transparent 81 94 83° calibrated
Cadmium Yellow Medium PY35 inorganic opaque 86 98 86°
Titan Buff PW6:1, PW6 mixture opaque 86 15 90° calibrated
Cadmium Yellow Light PY35 inorganic opaque 91 94 96°
Hansa Yellow Light PY3 * organic transparent 90 89 97°
Bismuth Vanadate Yellow PY184 inorganic semi-opaque 92 91 97°
Cadmium Yellow Primrose PY35 inorganic opaque 93 84 101°
Titanate Yellow PY53 inorganic semi-opaque 91 57 102°
Green Gold PY150, PG36, PY175 mixture transparent 46 36 118° calibrated
Terre Verte Hue PG17, PBr7, PBk9, PY42, PG36 mixture transparent 36 12 135°
Chromium Oxide PG17 inorganic opaque 45 27 139° calibrated
Sap Green Hue PR101, PY150, PG36, PBk7 mixture semi-transparent 28 5 139°
Chromium Oxide Dark PG17 inorganic opaque 34 16 142°
Cobalt Titanate Green PG50 * inorganic semi-opaque 60 44 148°
Permanent Green Light PY175, PG7, PW6 mixture semi-opaque 45 56 161° calibrated
Cobalt Green PG26 inorganic semi-opaque 35 19 173°
Phthalo Green (yellow shade) PG36 organic transparent 27 12 181°
Jenkins Green PBk9, PG36, PY150 mixture semi-transparent 26 3 182° calibrated
Viridian Green Hue PW6, PB15:3, PBr7, PY150 mixture semi-transparent 35 22 184°
Hookers Green Hue PY150, PB60, PR122 mixture semi-transparent 26 1 197°
Cobalt Teal PG50 inorganic semi-opaque 63 42 197°
Cobalt Turquoise PB36 inorganic semi-opaque 42 30 203°
Phthalo Green (blue shade) PG7 organic transparent 26 8 233° calibrated
Cerulean Blue Deep PB36 inorganic semi-opaque 36 28 248°
Manganese Blue Hue PW6, PB15:3, PG7 mixture semi-transparent 37 36 262°
Azurite Hue PBr7, PW6, PB15:0 mixture semi-transparent 31 17 264°
Cerulean Blue Chromium PB36 * inorganic semi-opaque 39 37 267° calibrated
Turquoise PG7, PB15:3 mixture transparent 25 7 274°
Bone Black PBk9 inorganic semi-opaque 24 0 278°
Paynes Gray PB29, PBk7 mixture semi-opaque 24 3 281° calibrated
Cobalt Blue PB28 inorganic semi-transparent 33 58 294° calibrated
Phthalo Blue (green shade) PB15:3 organic transparent 24 24 300° calibrated
Phthalo Blue (red shade) PB15:0 organic transparent 24 12 302°
Ultramarine Blue PB29 inorganic semi-transparent 24 38 302° calibrated
Prussian Blue Hue PBk9, PB15:0, PV23 mixture semi-transparent 24 4 307°
Anthraquinone Blue PB60 organic semi-transparent 24 6 309° calibrated
Permanent Violet Dark PR122, PB60 mixture transparent 27 10 327°

Sources: Golden’s spectral data and pigment chart, [24] and [25]; Okumura’s ladders, [59].

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